Introduction to Computer programming languages

introduction to programming languages and java

This Basic Java tutorial has two parts first part gives you basic concepts of programming languages and the second part gives you basic concepts of java

• Basic essential concepts of programming languages
  • Introduction to Programming Languages
  • List of Programming languages
  • Types of Programming Languages
  • Compare Java Program source code with other programming languages
  • Programming Language Translators
  • What happens before running a program
  • Difference between compiled and interpreted programming languages
• Basic Essential concepts of java programming language
  • Where java is used
  • Where java is not used
  • Types of java applications
  • History of Java
  • Java Runtime environment-jre, java virtual machine jvm and java development kit - jdk
  • First java simple program
  • Main components of First java simple Program
  • Brief introduction to Java Environment
  • Java Keywords

Basic essential concepts of programming languages

What is Programming?

Programming is the activity of writing code in any computer language. The programming code is also called source code or source file. Source code is the set of instructions which are written by a programmer to instruct Computer to do some job. The person who writes these programs are called Programmers or Software Developers.
A Program is a set of instructions. Photoshop, Ms Paint, Internet Browsers etc are examples of Programs.Just as we use sentences , commands and request to instruct or to deliver ideas or what ever we want. A program is a way to instruct Computer to do jobs

• Programming Is the ability to take the idea into your mind
• Break it a part into each individual pieces, and now write those pieces into your programming language using one at a time.
• Writing Your statement in a right order with right syntax
Examples:
• BASIC LET Balance =500
• AppleScript set balance to 500
Java balance = 500;
• COBOL MOVE 500 TO BALANCE

What are programming languages?

Programming language also called Computer language is the application software which is used create programs, A Program when runs on Computer, It perform different jobs according to instructions written in the program. The instructions written in program are also called codes , procedures , functions, imperatives, commands , methods; depending on language which you use. Example if we use C language, the instruction are called functions, while in java, instructions are called methods. The Programming is the technique of creating Computer Programs.

Computer Programming Language Generations

There are five generation of Programming languages.They are: First Generation Languages : These are low-level languages like machine language. Second Generation Languages : These are low-level assembly languages used in kernels and hardware drives. Third Generation Languages : These are high-level languages like C, C++, Java, Visual Basic and JavaScript. Fourth Generation Languages : These are languages that consist of statements that are similar to statements in the human language. These are used mainly in database programming and scripting. Example of these languages include Perl, Python, Ruby, SQL, MatLab(MatrixLaboratory). Fifth Generation Languages : These are the programming languages that have visual tools to develop a program. Examples of fifth generation language include Mercury, OPS5, and Prolog. The first two generations are called low level languages. The next three generations are called high level languages.

Generations of computer programming languages

List of Programming languages

There are a lot of programming languages available, which are used for different purposes.

List of Top ten programming languages to learn in 2020

Here is the list of top 10 programming languages to learn in 2020 available in the world

1. Java
2. JavaScript
3. Python
4. Kotlin
5. c#
6. Swift
7. R Programming language
8. C/C++
9. PHP
10. ASP.NET Core

Java Programming Language

Java is a simple, object oriented, Distributed / Network Oriented , Robust , Secure programming language, which can be used for creating Desktop Applications, Web Application, Games , Networking Applications.

JavaScript Programming Language

JavaScript is scripting language, which is the mostly used programming language nowadays, JavaScript codes are embedded in HTML.There are many frameworks and libraries of JavaScript which are widely used today, which are JQuery, Node.Js, Angular Js, AJAX, React.js, vue.js, ember.js, meteor, Mithril, Polymer, Aurelia, Backbone.js

Python Programming Language

It is general purpose, interpreted , high level, object oriented programming language, created by Guido van Rossum in 1991. Python is used for Server Side Web Development, Software Development, Big Data and Complex Mathematics.

Kotlin Programming Language

Kotlin is open source, general purpose, statically typed programming language. It supports procedural and object oriented approaches. It follows the syntax of C , Java, C# and scala. It offers the big advantages for andorid app devlepment over java. Kotlin exists in different variants like JVM (Kotlin/JVM), JavaScript (Kotlin/Js) and native code (Kotlin/Native).

C# Programming Language

C# is modern, powerful, strongly typed, object oriented , high level programming languages, C# can be used to develop Desktop Applications through Windows Form Application and Windows Presentation Forms(WPF), Web Applications through Asp.net web forms, ASP.NET Core, Asp.net MVC, Mobile Applications through Windows Universal App and Xamarin, C# can also be used for Distributed / Network Applications , Web Service Applications and Database Applications.

Swift Programming Language

Swift programming language is modern, multi paradigm , compiled, general purpose, fast , safe , interactive programming language by Apple Inc. It is used for developing apps for IOS, MAC OS, IPAD OS, Linux and TV OS.

R Programming Language

R is programming language and environment for statistical computing and graphics software. It is was developed by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman in 1993. R is mostly popular among statisticians and data miners for making software for data analysis and statistical computing. It is used for Statistical inference, Data analysis and Machine Learning algorthim.

C / C++ Programming Language

C is high level language, and C++ is it super version. C/C++ can be used for making system software, disk drivers, utility programs, libraries and as well as for making general purpose applications. I

PHP Programming Language

PHP is web scripting programming language, which is embeded in HTML for making dynamic Websites. PHP is abbreviation of Hyper Text Processor and it runs on Apache Server, it is most popular and widely used web programming language.

ASP.NET Core Programming Language

ASP.NET Core is superior version of ASP.NET Web forms and ASP.NET MVC, it is alternate of PHP for making dynamic websites, rich internet applications, web services, Enterprise applications.

Some other programming languages in the world

1. Regional Assembly Language 1951
2. AutoCod - 1952
3. IPL (forerunner to LISP)-1954
4. FLOW-MATIC (led to COBOL)-1955
5. FORTRAN (first compiler)-1957
6. COMTRAN (precursor to COBOL)-1957
7. LISP-1958
8. Algol - 1958
9. Fact 1959
10. Cobol - 1959
11. RPG - 1959
12. APL - 1962
13. Simula - 1962
14. SNobol-1962
15. CPL - 1963
16. Speakeasy - 1964
17. Basic - 1964
18. PL/1 - 1964
19. JBoss - 1966
20. Mumps - 1966
21. 1967 - BCPL

computer languages A to Z

Types of Programming Languages

There are different ways to categorize Computer Programming Languages, like computer Languages paradigms, Computer Language generations etc. Here I will will briefly explain levels of Computer Programming Languages:

Level Level Languages

Low level languages deals with the Computer Hardware components and constraints. The Low level Languages are difficult to understand by a human being, There are two Types of low level languages:

Binary Language

Binary Language is also called Machine Language or Computer Language, consist of two digits that is 0 and 1, hence it is called Binary, here Bi = Two and Nary = Numbers. Binary Language is that language which is directly understood by Computer, but is difficult to understand by human. For programming in Binary Language the Knowledge of Computer Hardware functionality is mandatory. Binary languages is Machine dependent, which means program written for one machine can't run on other machine.

Assembly Language

As we discuss above Binary language consist of 0 and 1, all operations in Binary are performed through Binary Numbers, and It was very hard to understand. Assembly language was developed to simplify the Assembly language operations. In assembly Binary codes were replaced with abbreviations and symbols called mnemonics. With the development of Assembly language, Assembly language is easy to understand by human, but Computer can not understand it directly. So a translator called Assembler, for translation purpose of assembly programs to binary languages was developed. Like Binary Language, It is Machine dependent and to understand it Hardware functionality must be understood first.

High Level Languages

High Level Language: Easier to understand by human being, These Languages are Hardware independent and resembles to human language. Examples of High Level Languages are C, C++, Java, PHP, Fortran, Pascal , Basic etc.

kinds of computer programming languages 

Programming language Translators

Programs written in High level languages such as in above examples what ever we have written can not be understood by the Computer directly; So before running these programs must be converted into the Computer Language. There are two ways to convert these programs into Computer language. I. Compiling , II. Interpreting the source code.

Types of computer translators

There are three types of computer programming language translators,

Assember

It is a translator, which translates the program written in Assembly language into Computer Languages.

Compiler

Compiler: is a piece of code that translates the high level language into machine language.The compiler translates the entire program in one go and then executes it. It is faster than Interpreter

Interpreter

It is also is a piece of code that translates the high level language into machine language but line by line.Interpreter takes one statement then translates it and executes it and then takes another statement.

What happens before running a program

If you write your source code and then you have a program called a compiler.

• It will go through that source code and create a separate file that contains the machine code. 
• This end result is sometimes referred to as an executable file. 
• You can now just run your program, keeping your source code private.

Now, with an interpreted language on the other hand, 

• You don't compile your source code beforehand. 
• You just give me a copy of it So I'll need my machine to interpret it whenever I want to run that program.

Difference between compiled and interpreted programming languages

Compiled Programming Language		Interpreted Programming Language
Pros	Cons	Pros	Cons
Ready to run	Not cross platform	Cross Platform	Interpretation  line by line
often faster	inflexible	Simple to Test	slower
source code is private	Extra step	Easier to debug	source code is public

Intermediate Languages:

• Now, because there are good things about compiled languages and good things about interpreted languages,
• There is also a third way of doing this which is a bit of both.
•  Instead of the compiled model where all the work is done upfront but can be a little bit inflexible or the interpreted model where all the work is done on the receiving end but can be a little bit slower
• Upfront we compile it part of the way to what's called an intermediate language.
• Which takes it as far along the way to machine code as it can get while still being portable often across platforms. 
• Like in java source code is converted to Intermediate language called Byte Code  and in Microsoft C# and VB source code is convert to intermediate language called MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) code or simply IL(Intermediate Language) Code

Compiled , Interpreted and Intermediate Translation Examples:

Compiled - C, C++, and Objective-C
Interpreted: PHP and JavaScript
Compiled / Intermediate / Interpreted : Java, C#, VB.NET, and Python